Internet of Things (IoT) Devices Security Challenges, Risks and Best Practices

❓ What Is IoT Security?

IoT security recommendations refers to the framework, instruments, and procedures developed to keep connected devices and Internet of Things networks safe from malefactors and intruders.

Network-level security covers protecting the devices themselves, the data they send and store, as well as linking to the networks, so that IoT systems may run with integrity, confidentiality, and availability.

With the IoT enticing a multitude of smart devices, including smart thermostats, industrial sensors, and beyond, IoT security is of great importance to ensuring the efficiency and proper function of these devices.

✍️ The Importance of IoT Security

The Internet of Things has fundamentally transformed these everyday objects into a network of interconnected machines that can collect and share large amounts of data. Even while this connection is incredibly efficient and convenient, there are security concerns that must be addressed, such as IoT device security issues. Ensuring the security of these devices is crucial to protecting the privacy and integrity of the data they collect and transmit.

Cybercriminals can obtain unlawful access to people's personal information, corporate data, and vital infrastructures by taking advantage of vulnerabilities in IoT devices, which can be mitigated by using tools like React Native BLE manager. Such hacks have a wide range of possible consequences, from invasions of privacy to serious interruptions and even bodily dangers.

Securing the IoT is crucial to safeguarding your sensitive data, appliances, and well-being, especially in today's environment with growing IoT data security issues.

❔ Identification of IoT devices

With the rapid development and prototyping in IoT, there always come identification issues — it’s sometimes hard to tell whether the device is malicious or “friendly”. To differentiate them from one another, a proper identification system should be implemented.

In the IoT ecosystem, there are basically two classes: identifiers and entities to be identified. The main point of setting up a proper identification stage always comes to securing the identifier, not the entity. The whole IoT security depends on whether the identifier is trustworthy enough and not messed with by third-parties. Thus, to make identification safe, we need to choose the most protected system that can stand as “identifier” and disallow unsecured devices connected.

How to Address These IoT Security Challenges?

As of now, one of the most effective IoT device identification technologies is a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) with the use of digital certificates.

According to Global PKI and IoT trends study, the average number of certificates has already increased by 50% since 2019 and is going to prosper even more in the near future. It follows that the PKI technology is not a short-lived interest, but vice versa — a forward-looking trend with great potential.

Public Key Infrastructure is a technology that ensures the security behind the connection as well as allows to identify and then authenticate both user and device.

PKI components that make the system work:

• Certificate Authorities (CA). CA is a key player in making PKI secure and dependable. In a nutshell, CAs are verifying connection attempts and issuing certificates after the identity validation is done. The validation step is essential so that there is no possibility for hackers to impersonate any trustworthy party to access the data.
• Digital Certificates. Digital certificate is an electronic password or a file that aims to prove the authenticity of a device.
• Digital Signatures. Digital signature is a security method to protect the integrity of provided data, making it impossible to mess with without notifying the recipient.
• Chain of Trust. Chain of trust is a security system that allows to validate the certificate by chaining back to the CA’s root certificate. If a chain of trust is able to trace the certificate back all the way to the valid root certificate — the connection will be trusted and secure.
• Encryption keys. Keys are paired elements that help encrypting and decrypting information as another step for granting the security of data flow.

PKI system overview

As we got acquainted with the gears of the PKI mechanism, let’s take a look at how they function together and complete the system:

1. Before issuing a certificate, the CA validates the server and decides whether the connection will be secure.
2. After the CA validation, now it's the user's turn to verify the server’s certificate with the chain of trust’s assistance.
3. If the first two steps proceed without any issues, the data is encrypted with the “public key”.
4. With the use of a “private” key on the other side of the connection the data is decrypted.

☑️ IoT Device Authentication

Most IoT devices, especially those managed through companion mobile app development, are presented with a minimized amount of unnecessary information and narrower storage limits. Their main goal is to focus exclusively on gathering and transferring sensitive data from different sources in a nick of time. Exactly because such vulnerable devices aren't able to quickly counteract to the malicious intents, they are prone to various cyberintruders, highlighting key IoT security challenges and solutions.

Challenges for Secure IoT Authentication

As the resources in device’s possession are limited, the authentication should be easier than, for example, the process of authenticating a user. To make this process fitting the case, it’s important to determine the suitable authentication model. Two most common models for securing an authenticating stage of an IoT device and addressing challenges for secure IoT are:

• Shared Secret Authentication (Symmetric Cryptosystem)
• Public Key Authentication (Asymmetric Cryptosystem)

Let’s take a closer look at them!

Shared Secret Authentication (SSA)

The point of SSA is to securely share the data — in cryptography “shared secret” — after establishing communication as it’s done in common symmetric cryptosystems. The most common authentication method for this case is a challenge-response one. Challenge-response method supposes the party that needs to be authenticated to provide a correct “response” to another party’s “challenge”.

For example, the simplest type of such authentication is a well-known password authentication. The “challenge” is a party’s password request and the valid “response” is simply a correct password input. However, to call this authentication model safe, you should make sure that there are no intruders between the two communicating parties trying to snatch a valid response for their needs.

Public Key Authentication (PKA)

This model for authenticating IoT devices is also using the public key infrastructure, described in the identification issue of the article. Thus, being an asymmetric model, PKA technology grants a much higher Internet of Things security and data integrity level. However, as authentication becomes more complex, it requires more processing time, which may not be suitable when it comes to prioritizing the operation speed.

One of the key challenges in implementing PKA is ensuring the secure generation, storage, and distribution of public and private keys, as compromising these keys can lead to serious IoT security threats.

🔐 Encryption

The basis of the IoT structures, which significantly impacts the IoT software development cost, is constant data flow between the connected devices. So, when it comes to securing the data flow, the top priorities are:

• Saving the data integrity. Make sure that any third party can’t hold disinformation operations in your IoT systems.
• Keeping it confidential. Grant restricted access to the data exclusively for personnel that are supposed to receive it to avoid data breaches.

So, to solve this challenge, we need to find something that satisfies both of these requirements.

IoT Data Security Issues

Both of these data security priorities can be managed by the implementation of data encryption and decryption, which are crucial components in addressing IoT security problems, challenges, and solutions. There are two types of encryption systems existing:

• Symmetric — both encrypting and decrypting require one single cryptographic key.
• Asymmetric — both operations require several cryptographic keys: a “public” key for encryption and a “private” one for decryption.

As symmetric systems are much simpler, their main advantage is a high speed data encryption. Asymmetric ones focus on security, and, thus, authentication is required.

Let’s take a look at the algorithms of encryption that are used in IoT:

— Secure Network Connections.

Make sure that data is encrypted that are transmitted to the IoT devices and use the secure protocols to set a communication between devices. Also, try to encrypt your Wi-Fi network by leveraging strong encryption methods such as WPA2 or WPA3.

— Implement Network Segmentation.

Employ network segmentation to segregate IoT devices from other network assets as a security measure.

— Regulated and Audit IoT Devices at Regular Intervals.

Maintain a log of all the devices with IoT features that are connected to your network, and monitor them periodically for any strange activities. Use security tools that can scan through network traffic and find irregularities that can help in assuring the security of the digital space.

— Educate and Train Users.

Security is vital with IoT, and education is one of the keys. Teach the users about the danger that poses and instruct them to adopt security measures. Also, users need to be aware of a phishing attempts and learn to recognize and avoid them.

— Leverage IoT Security Solutions.

Consider using professionally designed IoT security solutions that offer the functions of device discovery, risk assessment, vulnerability prevention and network segmentation.

💡 Takeaways

In conclusion, and as often emphasized in professional IoT development services, we should point out the main security risks in IoT once again. So, to create a trustworthy product and ensure the highest security level possible, it is vital not to overlook the issues of:

1. Identification
2. Authentication
3. Encryption
4. Heterogeneity

Fortunately, the first two security issues can be managed by integrating a single technology called Public Key Infrastructure. Heterogeneity issue is recommended to handle with the implementation of IDRA architecture for supporting as many various IoT devices as possible. As for encryption it is better to choose the specific security algorithm which is the most suitable for the project, based on the development priorities.

If you have any questions or need help with creating a secure IoT project, let us know. We will be happy to help you meet your business needs with an outstanding product!